Java中抽象类与具体方法结合实践

abstract class Animal {
    protected String name;

    public Animal(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    // 抽象方法：子类必须实现
    public abstract void makeSound();

    // 具体方法：所有动物都有共同的行为
    public void sleep() {
        System.out.println(name + " is sleeping.");
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    public Dog(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void makeSound() {
        System.out.println(name + " barks: Woof!");
    }

    // 可选：重写具体方法
    @Override
    public void sleep() {
        System.out.println(name + " sleeps in the doghouse.");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Animal dog = new Dog("Buddy");
        dog.makeSound(); // Buddy barks: Woof!
        dog.sleep();     // Buddy sleeps in the doghouse.
    }
}

abstract class ExportService {
    // 模板方法
    public final void export() {
        connectToSource();
        fetchData();
        process();
        saveToFile();
    }

    private void connectToSource() { System.out.println("Connecting..."); }
    private void fetchData() { System.out.println("Fetching data..."); }
    
    protected abstract void process();
    protected abstract void saveToFile();
}

class ExcelExport extends ExportService {
    protected void process() { System.out.println("Processing as Excel format"); }
    protected void saveToFile() { System.out.println("Saving to .xlsx file"); }
}