SpringBoot因为jackson版本问题启动失败的解决

SpringBoot因为jackson版本问题启动失败

先来看一个典型的项目配置。假设你的Spring Boot项目使用了1.5.3版本，pom.xml文件的核心依赖配置如下：

        org.springframework.boot
        spring-boot-starter-parent
        1.5.3.RELEASE
    
    
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-tomcat
        
    
    
        
            
                org.springframework.boot
                spring-boot-maven-plugin
            
        

当我启动Application时，有如下报错

启动应用时，控制台抛出了一长串异常，核心信息其实就藏在层层嵌套的堆栈里。报错信息大致如下：

org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start embedded container; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedServletContainerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.onRefresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:137) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:536) ~[spring-context-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.refresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:122) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:737) [spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:370) [spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:314) [spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1162) [spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1151) [spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at startdemo.StartdemoApplication.main(StartdemoApplication.java:15) [classes/:na]

Caused by: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedServletContainerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.initialize(TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.java:123) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.(TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.java:84) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory.getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory.java:554) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory.getEmbeddedServletContainer(TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory.java:179) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.createEmbeddedServletContainer(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:164) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.onRefresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:134) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

... 8 common frames omitted

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'httpPutFormContentFilter' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.boot.web.filter.OrderedHttpPutFormContentFilter]: Factory method 'httpPutFormContentFilter' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:599) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1173) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1067) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:513) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializerBeans.getOrderedBeansOfType(ServletContextInitializerBeans.java:234) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializerBeans.addAsRegistrationBean(ServletContextInitializerBeans.java:182) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializerBeans.addAsRegistrationBean(ServletContextInitializerBeans.java:177) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializerBeans.addAdaptableBeans(ServletContextInitializerBeans.java:159) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializerBeans.(ServletContextInitializerBeans.java:80) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.getServletContextInitializerBeans(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:241) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.selfInitialize(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:228) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.access$000(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:89) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext$1.onStartup(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:213) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatStarter.onStartup(TomcatStarter.java:55) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5196) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.14.jar:8.5.14]

at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.14.jar:8.5.14]

at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1419) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.14.jar:8.5.14]

at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1409) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.14.jar:8.5.14]

at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_121]

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_121]

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_121]

at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_121]

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.boot.web.filter.OrderedHttpPutFormContentFilter]: Factory method 'httpPutFormContentFilter' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:189) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:588) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

... 26 common frames omitted

Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper

at org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.build(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.java:588) ~[spring-web-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.(MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.java:57) ~[spring-web-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter.(AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter.java:61) ~[spring-web-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:63) ~[spring-web-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.web.filter.OrderedHttpPutFormContentFilter.(OrderedHttpPutFormContentFilter.java:29) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration.httpPutFormContentFilter(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java:166) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$29ab2425.CGLIB$httpPutFormContentFilter$1() ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$29ab2425$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$1c9d1ecb.invoke() ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:228) ~[spring-core-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:358) ~[spring-context-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$29ab2425.httpPutFormContentFilter() ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_121]

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_121]

at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_121]

at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_121]

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:162) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]

... 27 common frames omitted

别看堆栈很长，但关键线索就在最后几行：java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper。这直接指向了Jackson库的类初始化失败。问题来了，Spring Boot 1.5.3的starter-web不是已经包含了Jackson依赖吗？没错，但有时候，特别是当项目环境或Maven仓库中存在多个版本冲突时，就会引发这个问题。

解决方法

解决思路很明确：我们需要显式地引入一个确定版本的Jackson依赖，并排除可能引起冲突的旧版本。具体操作是在pom.xml文件中增加以下依赖配置：

    com.fasterxml.jackson.core
    jackson-databind
    
        
            com.fasterxml.jackson.core
            jackson-annotations
        
    


    com.fasterxml.jackson.core
    jackson-annotations
    2.9.0

这里做了两件事：首先，引入jackson-databind，但排除了它可能传递依赖的jackson-annotations版本；然后，再单独引入一个指定版本（这里是2.9.0）的jackson-annotations。这样一来，就强制统一了Jackson核心组件的版本，避免了因版本不匹配导致的类初始化错误。

添加依赖后，重新构建项目并启动，问题通常就能得到解决。

总结

这个案例是Spring Boot早期版本中一个典型的依赖冲突问题。其核心在于，当Spring Boot自动配置尝试创建HttpPutFormContentFilter时，需要初始化Jackson的ObjectMapper，如果类路径上存在版本混乱或兼容性问题的Jackson库，就会抛出NoClassDefFoundError。通过显式声明并统一相关依赖的版本，可以有效地规避此类启动失败问题。对于使用较老版本Spring Boot的开发者来说，这是一个值得注意的排查点。