设置VMware启动进入BIOS以及对UEFI的支持

VMware虚拟机里想进BIOS，这事儿说大不大，但碰上启动画面一闪而过，狂按F2或ESC键就是没反应，确实让人头疼。问题的关键就在于VMware默认的启动等待时间太短，键盘指令还没被识别，系统就已经开始加载了。下面两张图就是典型的场景——如果不提前设置延时参数，基本抓不到那个短暂的BIOS入口。

其实，控制VMware启动行为的开关就藏在虚拟机的配置文件（.vmx）里。网上主流方法有两个，实测都能搞定。

Vmware虚拟机进入BIOS方法

第一种方案，直接在.vmx文件中添加一行：
bios.forceSetupOnce = "TRUE"
加上这行之后，下次启动虚拟机就会自动进入BIOS设置界面。VMware会在启动后自动把这个参数改成FALSE，防止下次重复进入。如果后续还需要再进BIOS，手动把它再改回TRUE就行。

第二种方案更直观——延长启动画面的显示时间。比如添加：
bios.bootDelay = "10000"
这里的10000表示10秒（单位是毫秒）。这样启动时就有充足的时间去按键盘，从容进入BIOS。

在测试环境中，找到一台名为GETTESTLX的虚拟机对应的.vmx文件，在末尾添加上面两个参数中的任意一个，都能顺利进入BIOS。下面就是该配置文件的完整内容（供参考）：

.encoding = "UTF-8"
config.version = "8"
virtualHW.version = "8"
nvram = "GETTESTLX.nvram"
pciBridge0.present = "TRUE"
svga.present = "TRUE"
pciBridge4.present = "TRUE"
pciBridge4.virtualDev = "pcieRootPort"
pciBridge4.functions = "8"
pciBridge5.present = "TRUE"
pciBridge5.virtualDev = "pcieRootPort"
pciBridge5.functions = "8"
pciBridge6.present = "TRUE"
pciBridge6.virtualDev = "pcieRootPort"
pciBridge6.functions = "8"
pciBridge7.present = "TRUE"
pciBridge7.virtualDev = "pcieRootPort"
pciBridge7.functions = "8"
vmci0.present = "TRUE"
hpet0.present = "TRUE"
displayName = "GETTESTLX"
extendedConfigFile = "GETTESTLX.vmxf"
virtualHW.productCompatibility = "hosted"
memSize = "1024"
scsi0.virtualDev = "lsilogic"
scsi0.present = "TRUE"
ide1:0.deviceType = "cdrom-image"
ide1:0.fileName = "/vmfs/volumes/4f38d1b9-9720c09c-38a5-782bcb6ee1e6/ISO/OracleLinux-R5-U7-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso"
ide1:0.present = "TRUE"
floppy0.startConnected = "FALSE"
floppy0.clientDevice = "TRUE"
floppy0.fileName = "vmware-null-remote-floppy"
ethernet0.virtualDev = "e1000"
ethernet0.networkName = "IP27"
ethernet0.addressType = "vpx"
ethernet0.generatedAddress = "00:50:56:b3:c0:f7"
ethernet0.present = "TRUE"
scsi0:0.deviceType = "scsi-hardDisk"
scsi0:0.fileName = "GETTESTLX.vmdk"
scsi0:0.present = "TRUE"
guestOS = "rhel5-64"
toolScripts.afterPowerOn = "TRUE"
toolScripts.afterResume = "TRUE"
toolScripts.beforeSuspend = "TRUE"
toolScripts.beforePowerOff = "TRUE"
uuid.bios = "42 33 d1 9c 71 9c 24 d8-82 e0 84 22 ae f7 e5 9a"
vc.uuid = "50 33 09 82 fa 29 14 fc-e0 4c 34 78 f6 56 a7 a2"
sched.scsi0:0.throughputCap = "off"
sched.swap.derivedName = "/vmfs/volumes/54e2da83-530edd90-a073-842b2b58e01d/GETTESTLX/GETTESTLX-a452f717.vswp"
uuid.location = "56 4d f0 82 ff e1 99 25-75 92 bc 2c 02 0a 59 af"
replay.supported = "FALSE"
replay.filename = ""
scsi0:0.redo = ""
pciBridge0.pciSlotNumber = "17"
pciBridge4.pciSlotNumber = "21"
pciBridge5.pciSlotNumber = "22"
pciBridge6.pciSlotNumber = "23"
pciBridge7.pciSlotNumber = "24"
scsi0.pciSlotNumber = "16"
ethernet0.pciSlotNumber = "32"
vmci0.pciSlotNumber = "33"
vmci0.id = "-1359485542"
hostCPUID.0 = "0000000b756e65476c65746e49656e69"
hostCPUID.1 = "000206c220200800029ee3ffbfebfbff"
hostCPUID.80000001 = "0000000000000000000000012c100800"
guestCPUID.0 = "0000000b756e65476c65746e49656e69"
guestCPUID.1 = "000206c200010800829822030fabfbff"
guestCPUID.80000001 = "00000000000000000000000128100800"
userCPUID.0 = "0000000b756e65476c65746e49656e69"
userCPUID.1 = "000206c220200800029822030fabfbff"
userCPUID.80000001 = "00000000000000000000000128100800"
evcCompatibilityMode = "FALSE"
vmotion.checkpointFBSize = "4194304"
cleanShutdown = "TRUE"
softPowerOff = "FALSE"
sched.scsi0:0.shares = "normal"
ide1:0.allowGuestConnectionControl = "TRUE"
tools.remindInstall = "TRUE"

让VMware虚拟机支持UEFI BIOS

有些场景需要用到UEFI BIOS，比如安装一些只支持UEFI启动的操作系统。操作起来也不复杂。

第一步，新建虚拟机后，在虚拟机的工作目录下找到.vmx文件，用记事本打开，在文件中添加一行：
firmware = "efi"

第二步，开启虚拟机电源后，马上按ESC键，稍等片刻就会进入UEFI设置界面。这个界面包含三个主要选项：

(1) Continue：继续启动，系统会自动选择UEFI设备。如果没有任何可引导的UEFI设备，会弹出错误提示。

(2) Boot Manager：启动管理器，手动指定从哪个UEFI设备启动。

(3) Boot Maintenance Manager：开机维护管理器，用于管理启动设备顺序、启动文件路径、屏幕分辨率等高级设置。

总的来说，无论是传统BIOS还是UEFI，核心思路都是在.vmx配置文件中动手脚。记住这两个关键参数，以后进BIOS就不用再焦虑地狂按键盘了。